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J. KIRBY, Jr. WATER, CLOSET.

No. 596,070. Patented Dec. 28,1897.

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J. KIRBY, Jr. WATER CLOSET.

No. 596,070. Patented Dec. 28,1897.

" Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3. J'LKIRBY, J1". WATER CLOSET v No. 596,070.

Patented Dec. 28, 1897.

a, wumnmon u c UNITED STATES PATENT Orricr.

JOHN KIRBY, JR, OF DAYTON, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO THE DAYTON MANU- FAOTURING COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

WATER-CLOSET.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 596,070, dated December 7- Application filed October 19, 1896. Serial No. 609,317. (No model.)

T on whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, JOHN KIRBY, Jr. a citizen of the United States, residing at Dayton, in the county of Montgomery and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Water-Closets; and I do ated by the movement of the lid or seat and in which a service-pan is employed beneath the bowl for retaining the deposit and a given quantity of water until the same has been emptied by the dumping of said pan, such closets being more particularly designed for use in railroad-cars, steamboats, and similar places where the supply of water is limited and is usually carried in tanks.

The invention further relates to the class of said closets which are commonly called sanitary closets, and which are intended to be exposed to View and not incased with woodwork to conceal them from sight. Such closets have heretofore been constructed with the hopper or base portion and the bowl in one piece, which when broken necessitates its replacement by an entire new combined hopper and bowl, to do which involves considerable time and labor, and as the bowl is the part most frequently broken the prime object of myinvention is to so construct the hopper and bowl (which are preferably made of earthenware) that when the bowl is broken another may be substituted without disturbing the hopper, thereby avoiding the loss of the same and the expense otherwise attending its replacement.

Another object of my invention is to provide a more efficient and practical means of mounting the service-pan of such closets, whereby it may have a more closely-fitting seat than is afforded when the seat is formed in the earthenware, which, for causes incident to the manufacture of such ware, is difficult to obtain uniform.

A further object of my invention is to so construct water-closets of the class herein described as to not permit cold air to enter the room in which such closets are located through the open bottom of the hopper, and this I accomplish by dividing the hopper into two compartments,an upper and alower,by means of a plate to which the service-pan, which is normally closed, is mounted and which separates the outer from the inner atmosphere, thereby preventing freezing; and a further object of my invention is to provide simple and efficient means for converting such water-closets into dry closets when the supply of water is exhausted and until a fresh supply can be obtained.

The invention will be more fully described in the following specification, pointed out in the claims, and shown in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a side elevation of the closet in position for use and in which a portion of the hopper is broken away, showing a section of same through the center of its back wall, also a section through one of its side walls, and

showing the bowl and the manner in which it is mounted, the service-pan closed, and the pan-operating mechanism, the position of the latter with relation to the lid when raised being represented by dotted lines and the shelf to which the seat is hinged being shown in section through the opening out out to accommodate the ofiset arm and shaft and the forward bracket removed; Fig. 2, a perspective View of the closet in position for use, the seat being shown down, the lid up, the hopper in section through its longitudinal center with the bowl removed and the service-pan down, the trip-pawl being shown in solid lines in position to operate the closet as a dry closet and in dotted lines as a water-closet; Fig. 3, a rear elevation of the closet, the lid and seat being shown in partial section through the center line of the'valve-plug; Fig. 4:, a similar view to Fig. 1, illustrating a modification of the structural detail and in which the' upper portion of the hopper is broken away, showing the hopper and bowl in section through the center of the closet and the panoperating mechanism connected with the seat, the lid being dispensed with; Fig. 5, a rear View of the division-plate with the servicepan and its operating mechanism mounted thereon, the sliding rod being broken off midway of its length; Fig. 6, a perspective View of the service-pan, detached; Fig. 7, a perspective view of the pan-operating lever, de-

tached; Fig. 8, a similar View of the main operating lever, shaft, and arm combined; Fig.

9, a similar view of the trip-catch; Fig. 10, a perspective view of the mechanism which connects the seat with the pan-operating lever, the same being detached therefrom Fig. 11, a similar view of the trip-shaft, lever, and pawl combined; and Fig. 12 a broken perspective view of the bowl and division-plate shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

Similar numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures of the drawings except as to the modified forms of the hopper and bowl, as represented in Fig. 4.

1 represents the hopper, provided with a neck 2 for connection with a curved pipe 3, leading from a valve 4, which may be of any suitable construction and through which water is supplied from a suitable tank (not shown) into, a fiushing-conduit 5, extending from the neck 2 entirely around the upper end of the hopper, the inner wall of the conduit being provided with a series of perforations 6, through which water flows down over the inner surface of the bowl into the servicepan. About midway of the height of the hopper is an inwardly-projecting rib 7, ex-

tending around the inner wall thereof and formingabearin g fora division-plate 8, which is preferably bedded in putty and bolted to the rib, as shown at O. Projecting outwardly from the hopper and near its lower end is a flange 10, on which the hopper rests and through which it is screwed to the fioor by screws 11. An opening 12 is formed in the back of the hopper, through which the mechanism connecting the woodwork with the service-pan is operative. The division-plate S has a circular opening 13, through which protrudes the lower end of a bowl 14, provided with a shoulder 15. The bowl rests upon the upper side of the division-plate and is secured thereto by means of bolts 16, two of which are preferably leaded into the bowl and which pass through suitable openings in the divisionplate, said bolts being provided with nuts 17 on the under side of the plate. As a watertight joint between the plate and the bowl is desirable, I provide the former with a recess 18 to receive an elastic gasket or other suitable material 19.

The diameterof the top of the bowl is somewhat less than that of the inner wall of the hopper at its top, where it is circular in form, and the bowl flares inwardly toward its lower end, its top periphery being flared outwardly and downwardly and provided with a circumferential groove or recess 20, which registers with a corresponding groove or recess 21, formed in the inner wall of the hopper, the space between the hopper and the bowl and the grooves 20 and 21 being filled with suitable cement 22 to form a water-tight joint, the two thus being made to serve the purpose of a single piece.

23 is the servicepan, provided with brackets 24 25 and journals 26 and 27, which oscillate in bearings 28 29, attached to the division-plate, the latter being provided with a circular shoulder 30, against which the serv ice-pan closes. The division-plate is provided with a box or pocket 31, through the inner wall of which journal 27 projects and to the free end of which is attached a panoperating lever having arms 32 33, arm 32 having an inwardly-projecting lug 34. To the arm 33 is pivoted a hub 35, to which is attached a pan-raising rod 36, the free end of which slides freely through a guide 37, rotatably mounted in a birfurcated arm 38 and having its free end screw-threaded to receive a nut 39, which forms a stop for the backward movement of said bifurcated arm and prevents its withdrawal from the rod. The top side of the division-plate is provided with standards 40 41 and 42 43. The standards 40 41 form bearings for a shaft 44, to one end of which is secured the main operating-lever 45, having an arm 46, provided with a radiallysurfaced lug 47 to engage with lug 34 of the arm 32. A coil-spring 48 surrounds the shaft 44, one end of the said spring being secured to the said shaft and the opposite end bearing against the back side of the standard 40, the function of this spring being to automatically return shaft 44 and its attachments to their proper positions after each operation and in the manner hereinafter more fully explained. The standards 42 43'form bearings for a trip-shaft 49, to the end of which is attached an arm 50, having a trip-pawl 51,

adapted to be thrown between a stop 52 and the rear of the arm 46, and thus set the main operatingdever out of position for engagement with its cooperating mechanism in a manner presently to be described.

The woodwork of the closet consists of a lid or cover 53, hinged by hinges 54 55 to a back shelf 56, and a seat 57, hinged by hinges 58 59 to a back shelf 60, the latter being supported on brackets 61 62, screwed to a wall or partition 63. A plate 64, having an offset arm 65 and a shaft 66, the latter extending at right angles to said arm, is attached to the under side of the lid, and the arm and shaft extend through the shelf 60, which is cut .out to accommodate the same. The upper end of the bifurcated arm 38 is journaled on the shaft 66, between a shoulder 67 and a trip-catch 68, which is also journaled on said shaft and is provided with a projecting lug 69, adapted to overlap the bifurcated arm 38 and to form a stop for the movement of the trip-catch 68, so as to bring the latter in proper position to engage the upper end of the main operatinglever 45 when the lid is raised and to hold it in such position until released by the lowering of the lid.

I will now more fully describe the opera tion of the closet. The service-pan is held up to its seat (shoulder 30 011 the under side of the division-plate) by the radially-surfaced lug, 47, below which the forward end of the inwardlyprojecting lug 34 of arm 32 engages, thusforming a lock which retains the pan in a closed position at all times, except during the downward movement of the lid,

in which movement the trip-catch 68 is carried radially rearward, thereby rotating the main operating-lever 45 and the arm 46 of same, together with the radially-surfaced lug 47, until the lugs 34 and 4:7 become disengaged, lug 34, which is also radially formed, passing over the lug 47,which action is caused by the weight of the pan and its relation to its journals and which, when lugs and 47 become disengaged, is free to drop to the position shown in Fig. 2, an elastic cushion 70 being attached to the hopper for the pan to strike against. After the lugs 34 and 47 have become disengaged and the trip-catch 68 has released the main operating-lever 45, the latter, with its attachments, is at once returned to its normal position by the action of spring ,48, the stop 52 limiting its return movement.

When the lid is in an upright position, the bifurcated arm 38 hangs in a vertical position and rod 36 projects through the guide 37 a considerable distance, as shown by dotted vlines in Fig. 1, and the dumping of the pan throws the hub forward, carrying with it the rod 36, until nut 39 comes in contact with guide 37, then as the lid proceeds downwardly, carrying with it shaft 66,which moves on a radial line in the opposite direction, the pan-journals 26 and 27 are rotated in a reverse direction, carrying with them the service-pan and the arms 32 33 of the pan-operating lever until the pan reaches its normal position and lugs 34 and 47 become reengaged. Hub 35, rod 36, guide 37, and bifurcated arms 38, all being loosely connected, so adjust their respective positions during the movement of the lid as to permit the latter to be raised without affecting the pan-operating mechanism, and in raising the lid trip-catch 68 strikes the upper end of the main operating-lever and being loosely journaled on the shaft 66 swings over it and drops back to its proper position behind the lever, as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 1, to trip it again on the next downward movement of the lid.

Water for supplying closets such as I have described is usually carried in a tank overhead and is fed through a feed-pipe 71 to a stand-pipe 7 2,adapted to hold just the amount required to properly flush the closet, and this stand-pipe is in communication with the valve, the ports of which are usually so arranged that a partial movement of the lid in one direction will open the one leading from the stand-pipe and a further movement in the same direction will close it again, so that as the pan is dumped water will flow into the flushing-conduit and thence over the interior of the bowl, while the further movement of the lid in the same direction will close the port, the valve-plug which opens and closes the ports being extended beyond the body of the valve and connected with a plate 73, which is secured to the lid, as shown, and by which theplug is operated. The valve is usually provided with several ports, so that the plug may be set to bring either of them into communication with the flushing-conduit, whereby the closet may be flushed at either of several positions of the lid; but as the valve and its appurtenances form no part of my invention I will not further describe these features.

It sometimes occurs that the tank will become empty when there are no means at hand for filling it, and in extremely cold weather it is desirable to empty the tank and use the closet without water, and in such cases the service-pan should always be down when the lid is up and up when the lid is down, so that dust and cold will be excluded when the closet is not in use, and in order that the closet may readily be changed from a water to a dry one I provide the shaft 49, having the arm and trip-pawl 51, through the medium of which the change can be quickly made. 'When water is used, the pawl is in an elevated position, as shown in Fig. 1, and when it is desired to change to a dry closet the same can be done by tilting the arms 50, which throws the trip-pawl 51 into engagement with the arm 46 of the main operating-lever, thus throwing and retaining the latter out of engagement with trip-catch 68, and the pan will then drop with the raising of the lid and close with the lowering of it.

In' the foregoing I have described what I consider to be the best manner of carrying out my invention, and in Fig. 4 of the drawings I have shown the operating mechanism and the valve connected with the seat, the' lid being dispensed with, which arrangement is likewise applicable to the construction shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, and in the same figure is also shown a modified form of the hopper and bowl, 7% representing the hopper, which is provided with a recess or groove 7 6, and 75 represents the bowl, having a corresponding recess or groove 77, the fiushing conduit being shown integral with the bowl, which is mountebl on the upper end of and partially above the hopper, in the manner shown in said Fig. 4:, 78 representing packing or cement interposing said recesses or grooves. It is to be understood, however, that I do not seek to protect by Letters Patent in this application the construction and arrangement of the hopper and bowl shown in Fig. 4 of the drawings hereof, as such construction and arrangement is the subject of another application, Serial No. 637,033, which describes and claims an invention similar to that claimed herein and which in the main is limited to a construction in which the bowl is partially within and partially above the hopper and is mounted on the upper end thereof, also to a bowl having a flushing-conduit formed in the upper end thereof. I therefore disclaim here in the invention set forth in said application, Serial No. 637,033. Nevertheless it is obvious that the details of the invention herein described may be modified and departed from in various ways without departing from the spirit thereof, and therefore I do not limit the invention to such exact details of construction.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In awater-closet of the class described, a hopper adapted to be secured to the floor, a seat or lid mounted above the same, a separable bowl mounted wholly within the hopper, a flushing-conduit formed in the upper end of said hopper and communicating with the interior of said bowl and into which water is discharged, a division-plate mounted within said hopper below the top thereof and at or near the bottom of said bowl, said divisionplate being separable from said hopper, and a service-pan operated by the movement of the said seat or lid through the medium of suitable connecting mechanism.

2. In awater-closet of the class described, a hopper adapted to be secured to the floor, a division-plate by which the hopper is divided into upper and lower compartments, a dumping service-pan carried by said divisionplate, a bowl mounted within the upper compartment of and separable from said hopper, a flushing-conduit formed in the upper end of said hopper and communicating with the interior of said bowl and into which water for flushing the closet is discharged, a seat or lid mounted above said bowl, said divisionplate being separable from said hopper and carried by a support formed on the interior thereof, in combination with mechanism for connecting the service-pan with said seat or lid whereby the former is operated by the movement of the latter.

3. In awater-closet of the class described, a hopper adapted to be secured to the floor, a division-plate separable from said hopper and carried by a support formed on the interior thereof and by which said hopper is divided into upper and lower compartments, a dumping service-pan carried by said divisionplate, the latter being provided with a seat for the former to close against, a bowl mounted within the upper compartment of and separable from said hopper, a flushing-conduit formed in the upper end of said hopper and communicating with the interior of said bowl into which water for flushing the closet is discharged, a seat or lid mounted above the hop per and bowl, in combination with mechanism for connecting said service-panwith said seat or lid, whereby the former is operated by the latter.

4. In a sanitary water-closet of the class described, thecombination of an earthenware hopper having an internal ribor bearing, a separable bowl mounted wholly within. the hopper above said rib or bearing, and a flushing-conduit formed in the hopper above and in open communication with the interior of the bowl,the hopper and bowl being cemented or otherwise joined together at or near their upper ends, thus practically forming a single piece, andwhereby the bowl when broken can readily be replaced without loss of or injury to the hopper.

5. As a new article of manufacture, a water-closet hopper having a flushing-conduit formed in the upper end thereof and a rib or support formed on its interior about midway of the height of the hopper, a division-plate separable from said hopper and supported on said rib or support and by which said hopper is divided into two compartmentsanupper and lowerin combination with a separate bowl mounted wholly within said upper compartment, and means for flushing the interior of said bowl, substantially as set forth.

6. As a new article of manufacture, a water-closet hopper having an internal rib or bearing,about midway of its height,a divisionplate supported by said rib or bearing and by which the said hopper is divided into two compartmentsan upper and lower-the upper end of said hopper being provided with an integrallyformed fiushingconduit having an inlet-opening for connection with water supply and discharge outlets leading to the interior of said hopper, in combination with grooves or recesses formed in the wall of said hopper on the inside thereof above the said rib or bearing to receive suitable cement or packing, and an independent separable bowl mounted therein and joined thereto, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

7. In a water-closet, the combination of a hopper having a flushing-conduit formed in its upper end and a rib or bearing formed on its interior about midway of its height, a division-plate separable from said hopper and forming upper and lower compartments therein, said division-plate being supported on said rib or bearing, and a separate bowl mounted within said upper compartment and supported on and providedwith means for securing it to said division-plate, said bowl being provided with grooves or recesses in its outer wall at or near its upper end, whereby the same may be united with the hopper by cement or packing, substantially as set forth.

8. In a water-closet, an earthenware hopper having an internal rib or hearing formed integral with the hopper about midway of its height, a separate division-plate carried by said rib or bearing and by which the hopper is divided into upper and lower compartments, a fiushingconduit formed integral with the hopper at the top thereof and having a waterinlet through its outer wall and a series of water-outlets through its inner wall, in combination with a separate bowl mounted wholly within said upper compartment, means for securing the lower end of said bowl to said division-plate, and an external flange at or near the bottom of said hopper, whereby the same may be secured to a support, substantially as set forth.

JOHN KIRBY, J R.

Witnesses:

N. EMMONS, J r., II. D. HENDRICK. 

